Forensic study involves investigation of structures, materials, and components that fail to perform as intended. It aims to determine the causes of failures, such as cracks, collapses, or deterioration, through analysis, testing, and documentation. This field supports legal proceedings, risk assessment, and the development of improved design and construction practices.
Hazard and risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential threats to infrastructure, such as natural disasters, structural failures, or human errors. It aims to minimize the likelihood and impact of these hazards through strategic planning, design, and implementation of safety measures. This process ensures the resilience, safety, and sustainability of civil engineering projects.
Disaster management focuses on preparing for, responding to, and recovering from natural or man-made disasters that affect infrastructure. It involves risk assessment, resilient design, emergency planning, and post-disaster reconstruction to reduce damage and ensure public safety. Civil engineers play a key role in enhancing community resilience and ensuring the functionality of critical systems during and after disasters.
Remedial works involve the assessment, repair, and strengthening of structures or infrastructure that have deteriorated, failed, or are underperforming. These works address issues such as foundation settlement, structural cracks, corrosion, or water ingress. The goal is to restore safety, functionality, and compliance with current standards, often using specialized techniques and materials.